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    The Nikumaroro bones identification controversy: First-hand examination versus evaluation by proxy — Amelia Earhart found or still missing?

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    Publication date
    2015-09
    Author
    Cross, Pamela J.
    Wright, R.
    Keyword
    Palaeopathology; Forensic analysis; Cranial analysis; CRANID; Osteology; Human identification; Female plane pilots; D.W. Hoodless; Nikumaroro skeleton
    Rights
    (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Full-text reproduced in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy.
    Peer-Reviewed
    Yes
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    American celebrity aviator Amelia Earhart was lost over the Pacific Ocean during her press-making 1937 round-the-world flight. The iconic woman pilot remains a media interest nearly 80 years after her disappearance, with perennial claims of finds pinpointing her location. Though no sign of the celebrity pilot or her plane have been definitively identified, possible skeletal remains have been attributed to Earhart. The partial skeleton was recovered and investigated by British officials in 1940. Their investigation concluded that the remains were those of a stocky, middle-aged male. A private historic group re-evaluated the British analysis in 1998 as part of research to establish Gardner (Nikumaroro) Island as the crash site. The 1998 report discredited the British conclusions and used cranial analysis software (FORDISC) results to suggest that the skeleton was potentially a Northern European woman, and consistent with Amelia Earhart. A critical review of both investigations and contextual evidence shows that the original British osteological analyses were made by experienced, reliable professionals, while the cranial analysis is unreliable given the available data. Without access to the missing original bones, it is impossible to be definitive, but on balance, the most robust scientific analysis and conclusions are those of the original British finding indicating that the Nikumaroro bones belonged to a robust, middle-aged man, not Amelia Earhart.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7286
    Version
    Accepted Manuscript
    Citation
    Cross PJ and Wright R (2015) The Nikumaroro bones identification controversy: First-hand examination versus evaluation by proxy — Amelia Earhart found or still missing? Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 3: 52-59.
    Link to publisher’s version
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.05.015
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Life Sciences Publications

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