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    Inter-Ethnic and Demic-Group Variations in Craniofacial Anthropometry: A Review

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    Publication date
    2019
    Author
    Jilani, Shelina K.
    Ugail, Hassan
    Logan, Andrew J.
    Keyword
    Face
    Craniofacial
    Anthropometry
    Population data
    Demic-group
    Ethnicity
    Facial measurements
    Ethnic groups
    Rights
    © 2018 PSM. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License.
    Peer-Reviewed
    yes
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Craniofacial anthropometry plays an important role in facial structure. This review paper evaluates existing research surrounding population norms of studied facial parameters. The purpose is two-fold: (1) to determine variations in facial measurements due to demi-group or ethnic variations based on traditional (direct) caliper based and image based (indirect) anthropometric methods. (2) to compare where possible, measured facial parameters between referenced studies. Inter and intra-population variations in addition to sexual dimorphism of facial parameters such as the nose and eyes, singularly or in combination with one another, have been concluded. Ocular measurements have exhibited ethnic variations between males and females of the Saudi, Turkish, Egyptian and Iranian group. Moreover, demic variations are reported when the native language has been used a key criterion. It has been concluded that with the current state of migration and inter-demic marriages, the study of homogenous populations will prove difficult. Subsequently, this will result in ambiguous physical traits that are not representative for any one demic or ethnic population. In this paper, results for the following adult male and female populations have been discussed: African American, Azerbaijani, Caribbean, Chinese, Croatian, Egyptian, Italian, Iranian, Turkish, Saudi Arabian, Syrian and South African. The qualitative research presented serves as a knowledge base for learners and strikes up thought provoking concepts about the direction anthropometrical research is heading.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16740
    Version
    published version paper
    Citation
    Jilani SK, Ugail H and Logan A (2019) Inter-Ethnic and Demic-Group Variations in Craniofacial Anthropometry: A Review. PPSM Biological Research. 4(1): 6-16.
    Link to publisher’s version
    https://journals.psmpublishers.org/index.php/biolres/article/view/225
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Life Sciences Publications
    Engineering and Informatics Publications

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