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Use of batch mixing to investigate the continuous solvent-free mechanical synthesis of OLED materials by twin-screw extrusion (TSE)
Crawford, Deborah E. James, S.L. McNally, T.
Crawford, Deborah E.
James, S.L.
McNally, T.
Publication Date
2018-01
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© 2017 American Chemical Society. This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.
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2017
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Abstract
Mechanochemical synthesis has the potential to change the way in which chemistry is conducted, particularly with regard to removing or dramatically reducing the need for solvents. Recently, it has been demonstrated that mechanochemistry can be carried out continuously and on large scale through the use of twin-screw extrusion (TSE). TSE has successfully been applied to the synthesis of cocrystals, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), deep eutectic solvents (DESs), metal complexes, and organic condensation reactions. However, while TSE provides a route for mechanochemical synthesis to be developed into a continuous, high-volume manufacturing process, little is currently understood about how to best optimize the various process parameters involved. Herein, we investigate the use of a batch mixer that has been previously used in polymer processing, to optimize mechanochemical reactions performed by extrusion. In particular, reactions between 8-hydroxyquinoline (Hq) and metal acetate salts of zinc or aluminum to give quinolinate complexes Znq2·AcOH and Alq3·AcOH, which are of interest for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) applications, have been investigated. The manner in which the progress of the reaction correlates with the machine torque, temperature, and specific mechanical energy (SME) imparted by the batch mixer has been elucidated. Significantly, this knowledge enabled optimization of the mechanochemical reactions by TSE through the key parameters of screw speed, feed rate, temperature, and particle size.
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Crawford DE, James SL and McNally T (2018) Use of batch mixing to investigate the continuous solvent-free mechanical synthesis of OLED materials by twin-screw extrusion (TSE). ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 6(1): 193-201.
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