Bradford Scholars
Bradford Scholars is the University of Bradford online research archive. Access is free to anyone interested in research being conducted at Bradford. In the repository you will find a range of materials from journal articles and conference papers to research reports and theses.
Contact the repository team via openaccess@bradford.ac.uk with any queries about Open Access or how to deposit your research papers.
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Publication Domestic Public Debt and Private Sector Credit in Nigeria: Does Sectoral Impact Matter?This study investigates the importance of sectoral effects in the domestic public debt-private sector credit nexus in Nigeria from 1981-2020 and finds that sectoral effects are essential for domestic public debt and private sector credit in Nigeria. Aggregated credit to the private sector and disaggregated credit to the manufacturing, agriculture, mining and quarry, real estate and construction, trade and general commerce, and services sectors responds heterogeneously to changes in domestic public debt, with the credit channel as the transmission channel at both levels. Domestic public debt crowds out aggregated credit to the private sector and in all sub-sectors at the disaggregated level except the agriculture and mining and quarry sectors, where there are crowding in and an uncertain effect. Also, domestic public debt has a threshold effect on aggregated credit to the private sector and credit to the trade and general commerce sector, with higher level of domestic public debt-to-GDP ratio having detrimental effects on credit. The study, therefore, shows that a healthy and robust banks’ balance sheet is important for increased lending to the private sector in Nigeria and recommends that the government should imbibe policies that promote investment friendly environment to mitigate incidences of loan defaults, thereby making the private sector less risky for domestic bank lending. Also, a framework for mobilising and properly channeling the under-utilised funds of the household sector should be developed and encouraged for increased private sector lending, while ensuring that domestic public debt stock growth does not surpass its optimal GDP threshold.Publication Synthesis and Chemistry of Novel Aryl Sulfonamides and Initial Studies of Their Biological ActivityThis thesis describes novel rearrangement chemistry of aryl and heteroaryl sulphonamides, and anti-cancer testing of a subset of the compounds made. Additionally, biological testing was conducted on a small library of structural analogues of Gallic acid. Studies were conducted to expand the scope of a previously reported nitrogen to carbon rearrangement reaction that had been shown to deliver quaternary unnatural amino acids. It was found that the rearrangement of the pyrimidine moiety was possible, and the resultant amino acid was formed with good yield. Attempts to expand the reaction to other amino acid / heterocycles proved challenging. ... The amino acid derived from the experiment underwent assessment for its anticancer potential. Both the CCK-8 assay, and comet assay were employed to verify its anticancer properties. ... The scope of the rearrangement was further explored to give aryl products with increased substitution, and to give access to rearranged products where the termination of rearrangement was a tolyl group. The steric and electronic control factors for the aryl verses tolyl rearrangement were explored. ... Finally, a set of gallic acid analogues were synthesised, where the introduction of a primary sulphonamide in the place of carboxylic group(-COOH), and methylation of the hydroxyl groups was explored. The genotoxic effects of the compounds this made were examined by using a comet assay. ...Publication Improving Leadership Strategies among Future Sector Leaders in a Governmental Organization using a Motivational FrameworkLeadership is responsible for identifying the suitable motivational framework to encourage current and prospect future leaders to continuously develop their management and leadership skills, and attend training programs. In the chosen organization for this research study, it was noticed that the demand for registration in new training courses reduced and attendance records showed clear drop over the years, as a clear sign of lack of motivation to attend. This study aimed to explore the educational strategies needed to develop current and future leaders of public sector organizations, and how to create a culture of learning and motivate staff to comply with the perceived strategy. In order to provide this process governmental organisations, have to follow specific leadership styles and models. These models are taught to current and future leaders during the educational training sessions set by the organization itself or outsourced to an educational institution. A qualitative approach was considered most suitable due to the humanistic tendency of the method to extract the participants’ opinions regarding training and motivational activities within their departments. Data was collected through the means of an appreciative inquiry workshop (questions & dialogues) in which narrative discussion was used as part of the data analysis. One-to-one interviews were also used as means for data collection.. The participants in the research were senior employees only of a governmental body in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Finally, the research study found that accredited external training is preferred in general. Additionally, formally organized in-house training programs are useful to guarantee knowledge transference from current to potential future leaders.Publication Blockchain adoption in the maritime supply chain: Examining barriers and salient stakeholders in containerized international trade(2021-12)This study aimed to investigate the relationships between blockchain adoption barriers and identified the salient stakeholders for blockchain adoption in containerized international trade. The interpretative structural modelling and Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification analyses indicated that the most impactful among the eight barriers are lack of support from influential stakeholders, lack of understanding regarding blockchain, and lack of government regulations. The stakeholder mapping analysis demonstrated that the high salient stakeholders among 11 legitimate stakeholders are container lines, ports, beneficial cargo owners, freight forwarders/third party logistics, and customs authorities. The study is original and contributes to theory and practice as it uncovers both impactful barriers and critical stakeholders by adopting a stakeholder theory perspective and offers significant implications to practice, policy, and theory by combining these two analyses.Publication The role of collaboration in tackling food loss and waste: Salient stakeholder perspective(2022-09)While studies indicate that collaboration between stakeholders plays a prominent role in reducing food loss and waste (FLW), they have not specified which stakeholder group's collaboration will be more effective in reducing FLW. To fill this gap in the literature, this paper aims to identify and classify fruit and vegetable supply chain (FVSC) stakeholders according to their salience level and offer mitigation strategies for different salient stakeholder groups to tackle FLW. The study was conducted in Turkish FVSC because fruit and vegetable loss accounted for 53% of the total food loss. A multi-method approach was utilised to achieve the aim. First, 26 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Turkish FVSC experts to determine FVSC stakeholders and FLW drivers. Second, to identify and classify salient stakeholders, stakeholder mapping was undertaken. Collaboration-related mitigation strategies are offered high salient stakeholders and other stakeholder groups to reduce the amount of fruit and vegetable loss and waste. According to content analysis results, 25 supply chain actors are identified as stakeholders, and 15 are classified as salient stakeholders who can be more effective in tackling FLW. In addition, based on the results, 26 FLW drivers are identified according to different supply chain stages. Collaboration-based mitigation strategies were developed to diminish the impact of FLW causes at different stages. This study is one of the early attempts to classify food supply chain stakeholders according to saliency level. This study offers collaboration-related mitigation strategies to eliminate FLW drivers that cause loss and waste between specific stages of the FVSC.