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    An Exposition of Performance-Security Trade-offs in RANETs Based on Quantitative Network Models

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    Publication date
    2013
    Author
    Miskeen, Guzlan M.A.
    Kouvatsos, Demetres D.
    Habib Zadeh, Esmaeil
    Keyword
    Mobile ad hoc network (manet)
    ; Robotic mobile wireless ad hoc network (ranet)
    ; Quality-of-service (qos)
    ; Queueing network (qn)
    ; Generalised stochastic petri net (gspn)
    ; Colored petri nets
    ; Queuing-networks
    ; Entropy maximization
    ; Systems
    ; Communication
    Peer-Reviewed
    Yes
    
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    Abstract
    Security mechanisms, such as encryption and authentication protocols, require extra computing resources and therefore, have an adverse effect upon the performance of robotic mobile wireless ad hoc networks (RANETs). Thus, an optimal performance and security trade-off should be one of the main aspects that should be taken into consideration during the design, development, tuning and upgrading of such networks. In this context, an exposition is initially undertaken on the applicability of Petri nets (PNs) and queueing networks (QNs) in conjunction with their generalisations and hybrid integrations as robust quantitative modelling tools for the performance analysis of discrete flow systems, such as computer systems, communication networks and manufacturing systems. To overcome some of the inherent limitations of these models, a novel hybrid modelling framework is explored for the quantitative evaluation of RANETs, where each robotic node is represented by an abstract open hybrid G-GSPN_QN model with head-of-line priorities, subject to combined performance and security metrics (CPSMs). The proposed model focuses on security processing and state-based control and it is based on an open generalised stochastic PN (GSPN) with a gated multi-class 'On-Off' traffic and mobility model. Moreover, it employs a power consumption model and is linked in tandem with an arbitrary QN consisting of finite capacity channel queues with blocking for 'intra' robot component-to-component communication and 'inter' robot-to-robot transmission. Conclusions and future research directions are included.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9692
    Version
    No full-text available in the repository
    Citation
    Miskeen GMA, Kouvatsos DD and Habibzadeh E (2013) An exposition of performance-security trade-offs in RANETs based on quantitative network models. Wireless Personal Communications. 70(3): 1121-1146.
    Link to publisher’s version
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1105-0
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Engineering and Informatics Publications

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      Network Coding for Multihop Wireless Networks: Joint Random Linear Network Coding and Forward Error Correction with Interleaving for Multihop Wireless Networks

      Hu, Yim Fun; Pillai, Prashant; Susanto, Misfa (University of BradfordFaculty of Engineering and Informatics. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015)
      Optimising the throughput performance for wireless networks is one of the challenging tasks in the objectives of communication engineering, since wireless channels are prone to errors due to path losses, random noise, and fading phenomena. The transmission errors will be worse in a multihop scenario due to its accumulative effects. Network Coding (NC) is an elegant technique to improve the throughput performance of a communication network. There is the fact that the bit error rates over one modulation symbol of 16- and higher order- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) scheme follow a certain pattern. The Scattered Random Network Coding (SRNC) system was proposed in the literature to exploit the error pattern of 16-QAM by using bit-scattering to improve the throughput of multihop network to which is being applied the Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC). This thesis aims to improve further the SRNC system by using Forward Error Correction (FEC) code; the proposed system is called Joint RLNC and FEC with interleaving. The first proposed system (System-I) uses Convolutional Code (CC) FEC. The performances analysis of System-I with various CC rates of 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/6, and 1/8 was carried out using the developed simulation tools in MATLAB and compared to two benchmark systems: SRNC system (System-II) and RLNC system (System- III). The second proposed system (System-IV) uses Reed-Solomon (RS) FEC code. Performance evaluation of System IV was carried out and compared to three systems; System-I with 1/2 CC rate, System-II, and System-III. All simulations were carried out over three possible channel environments: 1) AWGN channel, 2) a Rayleigh fading channel, and 3) a Rician fading channel, where both fading channels are in series with the AWGN channel. The simulation results show that the proposed system improves the SRNC system. How much improvement gain can be achieved depends on the FEC type used and the channel environment.
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      Load balancing in heterogeneous wireless communications networks. Optimized load aware vertical handovers in satellite-terrestrial hybrid networks incorporating IEEE 802.21 media independent handover and cognitive algorithms.

      Pillai, Prashant; Hu, Yim Fun; Ali, Muhammad (University of BradfordSchool of Engineering, Design and Technology, 2014-05-02)
      Heterogeneous wireless networking technologies such as satellite, UMTS, WiMax and WLAN are being used to provide network access for both voice and data services. In big cities, the densely populated areas like town centres, shopping centres and train stations may have coverage of multiple wireless networks. Traditional Radio Access Technology (RAT) selection algorithms are mainly based on the ¿Always Best Connected¿ paradigm whereby the mobile nodes are always directed towards the available network which has the strongest and fastest link. Hence a large number of mobile users may be connected to the more common UMTS while the other networks like WiMax and WLAN would be underutilised, thereby creating an unbalanced load across these different wireless networks. This high variation among the load across different co-located networks may cause congestion on overloaded network leading to high call blocking and call dropping probabilities. This can be alleviated by moving mobile users from heavily loaded networks to least loaded networks. This thesis presents a novel framework for load balancing in heterogeneous wireless networks incorporating the IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH). The framework comprises of novel load-aware RAT selection techniques and novel network load balancing mechanism. Three new different load balancing algorithms i.e. baseline, fuzzy and neural-fuzzy algorithms have also been presented in this thesis that are used by the framework for efficient load balancing across the different co-located wireless networks. A simulation model developed in NS2 validates the performance of the proposed load balancing framework. Different attributes like load distribution in all wireless networks, handover latencies, packet drops, throughput at mobile nodes and network utilization have been observed to evaluate the effects of load balancing using different scenarios. The simulation results indicate that with load balancing the performance efficiency improves as the overloaded situation is avoided by load balancing.
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      Performance evaluation of alternative network architectures for sensor-satellite integrated networks

      Verma, Suraj; Pillai, Prashant; Hu, Yim Fun (2013)
      The last decade has seen an exponential rise in the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in various applications. While these have been primarily used on their own, researchers are now looking into ways of integrating these WSNs with other existing communication technologies. One such network is the satellite network which provides significant advantage in providing communication access to remote locations due to their inherent large coverage areas. Combining WSNs and satellite will enable us to perform efficient remotely monitoring in areas where terrestrial networks may not be present. However in such a scenario, the placement of sensor nodes is crucial in order to ensure efficient routing and energy-efficiency. This paper presents four network architectures for sensor-satellite hybrid networks, sensor-satellite direct communication, connections via a gateway node employing random node layout, grid-based node layout and cluster-based node layout with data aggregation. These architectures were simulated using network simulator 2 (ns-2) and then their packet loss rate, average end-to-end packet delay, and overall energy consumption were compared. The paper concludes by proposing a suitable network topology for environmental monitoring applications.
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