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    Solid-Solid Phase Transformation During the Reduction of Titanium Dioxide (Anatase) to Produce High-Grade Titanium Powder

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    Publication date
    2015-09
    Author
    Ephraim, J.K.
    Patel, Rajnikant
    Keyword
    Molten calcium-chloride
    ; Calciothermic reduction
    ; Metal
    ; Cost
    Peer-Reviewed
    Yes
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Production of titanium is challenging and expensive due to the energy energy-intensive and time-consuming processes used at present. Current commercial production method reduces titanium tetrachloride with magnesium or sodium to produce titanium metal. Several researchers have attempted electro-deposition of titanium from ionic solutions but have faced difficulties in eliminating multivalent titanium ions and highly reactive dendrite products. In this paper, we report, for the first time, the solid-solid phase transformation of titanium dioxide with calcium metal, under suitable conditions, to form solid titanium metal powder (>98% pure) without any oxygen impurity. On phase characterisation, it was found that homogeneous alpha-titanium was produced. The paper also includes the results and interpretations obtained using quantitative analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and phase diagram. The process is simple, green, rapid and cheap compared to the existing methods.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9146
    Version
    No full-text in the repository
    Citation
    Ephraim JK and Patel R (2015) Solid-Solid Phase Transformation During the Reduction of Titanium Dioxide (Anatase) to Produce High-Grade Titanium Powder. Advanced Engineering Materials. 17(9): 1276-1281.
    Link to publisher’s version
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201400535
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Engineering and Informatics Publications

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