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    Randomized controlled trial of oral omega-3 PUFA in solar-simulated radiation-induced suppression of human cutaneous immune responses.

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    Publication date
    2013-01-30
    Author
    Pilkington, S.M.
    Massey, Karen A.
    Bennett, S.P.
    Al-Aasswad, Naser M.I.
    Roshdy, K.
    Gibbs, N.K.
    Friedmann, P.S.
    Nicolaou, Anna
    Rhodes, L.E.
    Keyword
    Omega-3 PUFA; Human cutaneous immune responses; Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure; Photoimmunosuppression
    Peer-Reviewed
    yes
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Background: Skin cancer is a major public health concern, and the majority of cases are caused by solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, which suppresses skin immunity. Omega-3 (n−3) PUFAs protect against photoimmunosuppression and skin cancer in mice, but the impact in humans is unknown. Objectives: We hypothesized that EPA-rich n−3 PUFA would abrogate photoimmunosuppression in humans. Therefore, a nutritional study was performed to assess the effect on UVR suppression of cutaneous cell-mediated immunity (CMI) reflected by nickel contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Design: In a double-blind, randomized controlled study, 79 volunteers (nickel-allergic women, 22–60 y old, with phototype I or II) took 5 g n−3 PUFA–containing lipid (70% EPA plus 10% DHA) or a control lipid daily for 3 mo. After supplementation, nickel was applied to 3 skin sites preexposed on 3 consecutive days to 1.9, 3.8, or 7.6 J/cm2 of solar-simulated radiation (SSR) and to 3 unexposed control sites. Nickel CHS responses were quantified after 72 h and the percentage of immunosuppression by SSR was calculated. Erythrocyte [red blood cell (RBC)] EPA was measured by using gas chromatography. Results: SSR dose-related suppression of the nickel CHS response was observed in both groups. Photoimmunosuppression appeared less in the n−3 PUFA group than in the control group (not statistically significant [mean difference (95% CI): 6.9% (−2.1%, 15.9%)]). The difference was greatest at 3.8 J/cm2 SSR [mean difference: 11% (95% CI: 0.5%, 21.4%)]. Postsupplementation RBC EPA was 4-fold higher in the n−3 PUFA group than in the control group (mean difference: 2.69% (95% CI: 2.23%, 3.14%), which confirmed the EPA bioavailability. Conclusion: Oral n−3 PUFAs appear to abrogate photoimmunosuppression in human skin, providing additional support for their chemopreventive role; verification of study findings is required.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7255
    Version
    No full-text available in the repository
    Citation
    Pilkington SM, Massey KA, Bennett SP, Al-Aasswad NM, Roshdy K, Gibbs NK, Friedmann PS, Nicolaou A and Rhodes LE (2013) Randomized controlled trial of oral omega-3 PUFA in solar-simulated radiation-induced suppression of human cutaneous immune responses. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97 (3): 646-52.
    Link to publisher’s version
    http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.049494
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Life Sciences Publications

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