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    Absence of nonlinear responses in cells and tissues exposed to RF energy at mobile phone frequencies using a doubly resonant cavity

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    Publication date
    2010
    Author
    Kowalczuk, C.
    Yarwood, G.
    Blackwell, R.
    Priestner, M.
    Sienkiewicz, Z.
    Bouffler, S.
    Ahmed, I.
    Abd-Alhameed, Raed A.
    Excell, Peter S.
    Hodzic, V.
    Davis, C.
    Gammon, R.
    Balzano, Q.
    Show allShow less
    Keyword
    Animals
    Cell Line, Tumor
    Cell Survival/radiation effects
    *Cellular Phone
    Cricetinae
    Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects
    Humans
    Male
    Mice
    Nonlinear Dynamics
    Organ Specificity
    *Radio Waves
    Tissue Survival/radiation effects
    REF 2014
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    Abstract
    A doubly resonant cavity was used to search for nonlinear radiofrequency (RF) energy conversion in a range of biological preparations, thereby testing the hypothesis that living tissue can demodulate RF carriers and generate baseband signals. The samples comprised high-density cell suspensions (human lymphocytes and mouse bone marrow cells); adherent cells (IMR-32 human neuroblastoma, G361 human melanoma, HF-19 human fibroblasts, N2a murine neuroblastoma (differentiated and non-differentiated) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells) and thin sections or slices of mouse tissues (brain, kidney, muscle, liver, spleen, testis, heart and diaphragm). Viable and non-viable (heat killed or metabolically impaired) samples were tested. Over 500 cell and tissue samples were placed within the cavity, exposed to continuous wave (CW) fields at the resonant frequency (f) of the loaded cavity (near 883 MHz) using input powers of 0.1 or 1 mW, and monitored for second harmonic generation by inspection of the output at 2f. Unwanted signals were minimised using low pass filters (</= 1 GHz) at the input to, and high pass filters (>/= 1 GHz) at the output from, the cavity. A tuned low noise amplifier allowed detection of second harmonic signals above a noise floor as low as -169 dBm. No consistent second harmonic of the incident CW signals was detected. Therefore, these results do not support the hypothesis that living cells can demodulate RF energy, since second harmonic generation is the necessary and sufficient condition for demodulation.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6058
    Citation
    Kowalczuk, C., Yarwood, G., Blackwell, R., Priestner, M., Sienkiewicz, Z., Bouffler, S., Ahmed, I., Abd-Alhameed, R., Excell, P., Hodzic, V., Davis, C., Gammon, R., Balzano, Q. (2010) Absence of nonlinear responses in cells and tissues exposed to RF energy at mobile phone frequencies using a doubly resonant cavity. Bioelectromagnetics, 31 (7), 556-65.
    Link to publisher’s version
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.20597
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Engineering and Informatics Publications

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