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    Changes in the size and shape of domestic mammals across the North Atlantic region over time. The effects of environment and economy on bone growth of livestock from the Neolithic to the Post Medieval period with particular reference to the Scandinavian expansion westwards.

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    Abstract key words and supervisors JEC PhD 2010.pdf (174.7Kb)
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    Acknowledgements.pdf (177.9Kb)
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    Title Page.pdf (216.1Kb)
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    Ch 1 Introduction.pdf (284.3Kb)
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    Ch 2 Past uses of biometry.pdf (339.0Kb)
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    Ch 3 Why change in size and shape.pdf (453.7Kb)
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    Ch 4 Background to NA.pdf (1.032Mb)
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    Ch 5 Materials & Methods.pdf (264.4Kb)
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    Ch 5a Site Type date location.pdf (327.7Kb)
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    Ch 5b materials and methods.pdf (643.0Kb)
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    Ch 6 Results & discussion.pdf (2.506Mb)
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    Ch 7 Conclusion and future work.pdf (279.2Kb)
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    Appendix 1.mdb (3.554Mb)
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    Appendix 2.pdf (532.4Kb)
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    Appendix 3 cover sheet.pdf (159.4Kb)
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    Appendix 3.pdf (141.4Kb)
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    Contents page.pdf (192.8Kb)
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    List of figures.pdf (204.4Kb)
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    List of tables.pdf (246.1Kb)
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    References.pdf (443.1Kb)
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    Appendix 1 & 2 cover sheets.pdf (162.5Kb)
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    Publication date
    2013-12-02
    Author
    Cussans, Julia E.
    Supervisor
    Bond, Julie M.
    Keyword
    Archaeology
    Archaeozoology
    Sheep
    Biometry
    Growth
    Nutrition
    North Atlantic
    Climate
    Iron Age
    Norse
    Mammal bones
    Greenland
    Iceland
    Faroe Islands
    Northern and Western Isles of Scotland
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    Rights
    Creative Commons License
    The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a Creative Commons Licence.
    Institution
    University of Bradford
    Department
    Division of Archaeological, Geographical and Environmental Sciences
    Awarded
    2010
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    A large database of domestic mammal bone measurements from sites across Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland is presented. The reasons for variations in bone growth of domestic ungulates are examined in detail; nutrition is identified as a key factor in the determination of adult bone size and shape. Possible sources of variation in bone size in both time and space in the North Atlantic region are identified. Four hypotheses are proposed; firstly that bone dimensions, particularly breadth, will decrease with increasing latitude in the study region; secondly that higher status sites will raise larger livestock than lower status sites within the same time period and region; thirdly the size of domestic mammals in the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland will increase in the Later Iron Age, possibly in relation to increased fodder supply; finally at times of environmental degradation (climatic and/or landscape) domestic mammal size will decrease. The latitude hypothesis could only be partly upheld; there is no evidence for increased size with site status; a small increase in size is noted at some Scottish Iron Age sites and varying results are found for the environmental degradation hypothesis. The results are discussed with particular reference to how changes in the skeletal proportions of domestic mammals affect their human carers and beneficiaries. The potential of further expanding the dataset and integrating biometrical data with other forms of evidence to create a powerful tool for the examination of economic and environmental changes at archaeological sites is discussed.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5734
    Type
    Thesis
    Qualification name
    PhD
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    Theses

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