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dc.contributor.advisorTizaoui, Chedly
dc.contributor.advisorMohamed, Mostafa H.A.
dc.contributor.authorEssandoh, Helen M.K.*
dc.date.accessioned2013-11-22T10:05:01Z
dc.date.available2013-11-22T10:05:01Z
dc.date.issued2013-11-22
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10454/5710
dc.description.abstractThis study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) under different loading regimes, using wastewater of much higher strength than usually encountered in SAT systems, and also to investigate the removal of the endocrine disruptors triclocarban (TCC), estrone (E1), 17¿-estradiol (E2) and 17¿- ethinylestradiol (EE2). SAT was simulated in the laboratory using a series of soil columns under saturated and unsaturated conditions. Investigation of the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), nitrogen and phosphate in a 2 meter long saturated soil column under a combination of constant hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) and variable COD concentrations as well as variable HLR under constant COD showed that at fixed HLR, a decrease in the influent concentrations of DOC, BOD, total nitrogen and phosphate improved their removal efficiencies. It was found that COD mass loading applied as low COD wastewater infiltrated over short residence times would provide better effluent quality than the same mass applied as a COD with higher concentration at long residence times. On the other hand relatively high concentrations coupled with long residence time gave better removal efficiency for organic nitrogen. Phosphate removal though poor under all experimental conditions, was better at low HLRs. In 1 meter saturated and unsaturated soil columns, E2 was the most easily removed estrogen, while EE2 was the least removed. Reducing the thickness of the unsaturated zone had a negative impact on removal efficiencies of the estrogens whereas increased DOC improved the removal in the saturated columns. Better removal efficiencies were also obtained at lower HLRs and in the presence of silt and clay. Sorption and biodegradation were found to be responsible for TCC removal in a 300 mm long saturated soil column, the latter mechanism however being unsustainable. TCC removal efficiency was dependent on the applied concentration and decreased over time and increased with column depth. Within the duration of the experimental run, TCC negatively impacted on treatment performance, possibly due to its antibacterial property, as evidenced by a reduction in COD removals in the column. COD in the 2 meter column under saturated conditions was modelled successfully with the advection dispersion equation with coupled Monod kinetics. Empirical models were also developed for the removal of TCC and EE2 under saturated and unsaturated conditions respectively. The empirical models predicted the TCC and EE2 removal profiles well. There is however the need for validation of the models developeden_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNetherlands Organisation for International Cooperation in Higher Education (Nuffic)en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.rights<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>.en_US
dc.subjectArtificial wastewateren_US
dc.subjectEndocrine disrupting compoundsen_US
dc.subjectEstrogensen_US
dc.subjectHydraulic loading rateen_US
dc.subjectRemoval efficiencyen_US
dc.subjectSaturated zoneen_US
dc.subjectSoil aquifer treatmenten_US
dc.subjectTriclocarbanen_US
dc.subjectUnsaturated zoneen_US
dc.subjectBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)en_US
dc.subjectChemical oxygen demand (COD)en_US
dc.titleEfficiency of soil aquifer treatment in the removal of wastewater contaminants and endocrine disruptors. A study on the removal of triclocarban and estrogens and the effect of chemical oxygen demand and hydraulic loading rates on the reduction of organics and nutrients in the unsaturated and saturated zones of the aquifer.en_US
dc.type.qualificationleveldoctoralen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Bradfordeng
dc.publisher.departmentSchool of Engineering, Design and Technologyen_US
dc.typeThesiseng
dc.type.qualificationnamePhDen_US
dc.date.awarded2011
dc.description.publicnotesThe Appendix files for this thesis are unavailable online via Bradford Scholars.en
refterms.dateFOA2018-07-19T09:38:00Z


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