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    Organic residue analysis of Red Lustrous Wheelmade Ware vessels traded across the eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age

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    Title Page.pdf (135.3Kb)
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    Abstract.pdf (15.64Kb)
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    Acknowledgements.pdf (8.949Kb)
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    List of Figures.pdf (76.87Kb)
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    Author
    Steele, Valerie J.
    Keyword
    Red Lustrous Wheelmade Ware
    Organic residues
    Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
    Compound specific stable isotope analysis
    Fats and oils
    Trade
    Late Bronze Age
    Eastern Mediterranean
    Beeswax
    High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
    Storage vessels
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    Rights
    Creative Commons License
    The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a Creative Commons Licence.
    Institution
    University of Bradford
    Department
    Division of Archaeological, Geographical and Environmental Sciences
    Awarded
    2008
    
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    Abstract
    Red Lustrous Wheelmade Ware (RLWm ware) transport and storage vessels have been excavated from Late Bronze Age (LBA) sites across the eastern Mediterranean. These distinctive vessels were traded for the valuable commodity they contained so far unidentified. Seventy-three sherds (61 RLWm ware, 12 in local fabrics) and two visible residues were analysed for organic residues using standard lipid extraction techniques. Seven residues from a previous study were re-examined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified four materials ¿ beeswax, bitumen, fat/oil and resin. Beeswax, found only in vessels from Hittite sites in Turkey, was probably used as a post-firing treatment. Fat/oil, present in some sherds from every site, represents the contents of the vessels and showed many of the characteristics of degraded plant oil. Two examples contained a plant sterol and three yielded ricinoleic acid, a biomarker for castor oil. Gas-chromatography compound-specific isotope ratio mass spectrometry of selected residues excluded dairy products, ruminant animal fats and fish oils as source materials for the fats/oils, while comparison with a small database of modern oils created during this study does not exclude plant oils. Selected samples analysed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry did not reveal wine residues. Data on the elemental composition of the fabric collected during another study was re-analysed and compared with data from a further published study, confirming the remarkable consistency of RLWm ware fabric. Volume calculations were also attempted to give an estimate of the capacity of the main vessel forms.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5519
    Type
    Thesis
    Qualification name
    PhD
    Notes
    Extensive folders of data and appendices which accompany this thesis are not presently available online.
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