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dc.contributor.advisorMainland, Ingrid L.
dc.contributor.authorDavis, Geoffrey W.*
dc.date.accessioned2011-06-29T16:51:02Z
dc.date.available2011-06-29T16:51:02Z
dc.date.issued2011-06-29
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10454/4928
dc.description.abstractA methodology for ageing foetal and neonatal cattle is developed, involving radiographic examination of infant mandibles for early developmental stages in molariform teeth; tooth-wear methodologies are imprecise at this stage before wear commences. Known-age modern bovine foetal and neonate material are collected as a control assemblage for method development (n=73); six Neolithic to Norse era assemblages from Orkney are examined using the modified technique together with standard tooth-wear analysis and other methodologies. Foetal and died-at-birth material is diagnosed at most sites using the new technique, together with a range of other peri-natal age-groups. Ageing at this early stage is highly relevant in the diagnosis of milking as a palaeoeconomy: the accepted view is that unwanted (male) calves were slaughtered to maximise milk for human consumption, hence a surfeit of neonate calf remains, as at the study sites. The diagnosis of foetal and died-at-birth material challenges this view, suggesting that attritional causes may have contributed to deaths at this stage. Although milking was probably carried out at most of the study sites, this may have been combined with slaughter of cattle for meat in a pragmatic exploitation strategy. Literary research shows possible attritional causes of abortion and early death in calves, in particular dietary insufficiency in pregnant cows, microbial infections, and also inadequate colostrum uptake. Additionally, research is used to consider the challenges to health that early milking might have posed, to the calf as mentioned, but also to the cow, where three main health issues are highlighted: infertility, mastitis and lameness.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.rights<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>.en_US
dc.subjectCattleen_US
dc.subjectMilkingen_US
dc.subjectAbortionen_US
dc.subjectNeonatesen_US
dc.subjectAge diagnosisen_US
dc.subjectTooth development analysisen_US
dc.subjectNeolithicen_US
dc.subjectIron Ageen_US
dc.subjectViking and Norse Eraen_US
dc.subjectOrkneyen_US
dc.subjectColostrumen_US
dc.subjectLactationen_US
dc.subjectMastitisen_US
dc.subjectCattle health issuesen_US
dc.titleThe fate of neonate calves. A discussion of the bovine infant health implications of dairying in antiquity, using archaeozoological studies of six Orcadian contexts.en_US
dc.type.qualificationleveldoctoralen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Bradfordeng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Archaeological Sciencesen_US
dc.typeThesiseng
dc.type.qualificationnamePhDen_US
dc.date.awarded2010
dc.description.publicnotesThe attached files include the Landscape pages and appendices V and VI. Not included are the jpeg Mandible files. A cover sheet was not available.
refterms.dateFOA2018-07-19T05:32:23Z


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Thesis part 1 chaps 1-8.pdf
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Abstract & Contents vol 1.pdf
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Contents vol 2.pdf
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chap 3 pp 77-78.pdf
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chap 7 2 240.pdf
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Chap 9 pp 345-346.pdf
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APPENDIX V1. Tooth development ...
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APPENDIX V. tooth-wear results ...
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Tooth development graphs.pdf
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