Characterization of paint and varnish on a medieval Coptic-Byzantine icon: Novel usage of dammar resin?
Publication date
2009Keyword
Paint characterizationDammar resin
Varnish characterization
Coptic-Byzantine icons
St. Mercurius Church
Old Cairo
Egypt
Raman microscopy
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Hydromagnesite
Pinaceae sp. resin
Peer-Reviewed
YesOpen Access status
closedAccess
Metadata
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A comprehensive study has been undertaken into a 13th century Coptic-Byzantine icon from the St. Mercurius Church, St. Mercurius monastery, Old Cairo, Egypt. The layered structure, pigment composition and varnish identification were revealed by means of optical and Raman microscopy and gas chromatography¿mass spectrometry (GC¿MS). The structure of the icon comprised six layers; wooden panel, canvas, white ground, two bole layers and a single paint layer. Azurite (2CuCO3·Cu(OH)2), cinnabar (mercuric (II) sulfide ¿-HgS), yellow ochre (Fe2O3·H2O), hydromagnesite Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O and lamp black (carbon, C) are the pigments identified in the icon. The green paint area is of interest as it is applied neither with a green pigment nor with a mixture of a blue and yellow pigment. Instead, a yellow layer of dammar resin was applied on top of blue azurite to obtain the green colour. Pinaceae sp. resin mixed with drying oil was used as a protective varnish.Version
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Abdel-Ghani MH, Edwards HGM, Stern B and Janaway R (2009) Characterization of paint and varnish on a medieval Coptic-Byzantine icon: Novel usage of dammar resin? Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 73(3): 566-575.Link to Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2008.10.050Type
Articleae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2008.10.050