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    Warlords into businessmen: the Afghan transition 2002-2005. Preliminary findings from a research trip, May 2005.

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    Giustozzi,_Antonio_-_Warlords_into_Businessmen.pdf (54.95Kb)
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    Publication date
    2005
    Author
    Giustozzi, A.
    Keyword
    Afghan conflict
    Afghanistan
    Warlords
    War economies
    Rights
    © 2005 Giustozzi, A. Reproduced by permission from the copyright holder.
    Peer-Reviewed
    no
    
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    Abstract
    The Afghan conflict changed significantly after the Soviet withdrawal and especially after the collapse of the communist regime in April 1992. External support, which at some point had been running to the tune of $3 billion a year to all sides, rapidly faded and the military commanders increasingly faced the problem of how to fund their armies in the face of a declining propensity of the civilian population to contribute to the war effort. The hold of the parties based in Pakistan and Iran over the field commanders rapidly weakened, even if some of the political leaders had been forward looking enough to accumulate financial resources through the hoarding of military supplies, which were then sold on the black market. The partial financial autonomy of some political leaders of the jihadi movement was not enough to stem the tide towards weaker and weaker links between parties and commanders, not least because the parties were reluctant to spend whatever resources they had accumulated, lest they lose their leverage in the future.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4179
    Version
    final draft paper
    Citation
    Giustozzi, A. (2005). Warlords into businessmen: the Afghan transition 2002-2005. Preliminary findings from a research trip, May 2005. Paper presented at: Transforming War Economies Seminar, Plymouth, 16-18 June 2005.
    Link to publisher’s version
    http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/twe/publications/
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Social Sciences Publications

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