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    Iontophoretic estradiol skin delivery and tritium exchange in ultradeformable liposomes

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    Publication date
    2002
    Author
    Bonner, Michael C.
    Barry, Brian W.
    Essa, Ebtessam A.
    Keyword
    Skin Delivery
    Estradiol
    Liposomes-ultradeformable
    Transfersomes
    Iontophoresis
    Tritium Exchange
    Peer-Reviewed
    Yes
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    This work evaluated the in vitro transdermal iontophoretic delivery of tritiated estradiol from ultradeformable liposomes compared with saturated aqueous solution (control). Effects of current density and application time on tritium exchange with water were also determined. Penetration studies used three Protocols. Protocol I involved occluded passive steady state estradiol penetration from ultradeformable liposomes and control. The effect of current densities on drug penetration rates was also assessed (Protocol II). In Protocol III, three consecutive stages of drug penetration (first passive, iontophoresis and second passive) through the same human epidermal membranes were monitored. Such an experimental design investigated the possible effect of high current density (0.8 mA/cm2) on skin integrity. The tritium exchange study showed that extent of exchange correlated well with current density and time of application, with some shielding of estradiol by the liposomal structure. Liposomes enhanced estradiol passive penetration after occlusion. Protocol II showed that estradiol flux increased linearly with current density, although being delivered against electroosmotic flow. In Protocol III, reduction in flux of the second passive stage to near that of the first reflected a reversibility of the structural changes induced in skin by current.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4160
    Version
    No full-text available in the repository
    Citation
    Bonner, M.C., Barry, B.W. and Essa, E.A. (2002). Iontophoretic estradiol skin delivery and tritium exchange in ultradeformable liposomes. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. Vol. 240, No. 1-2, pp. 55-66.
    Link to publisher’s version
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00107-2
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Life Sciences Publications

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