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dc.contributor.authorSinghal, M.
dc.contributor.authorRiches-Suman, Kirsten
dc.contributor.authorPors, Klaus
dc.contributor.authorAddicoat, M.A.
dc.contributor.authorRuiz, Amalia
dc.contributor.authorNayak, Sanjit
dc.contributor.authorElies, Jacobo
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-30T15:30:58Z
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-31T12:35:27Z
dc.date.available2025-01-30T15:30:58Z
dc.date.available2025-01-31T12:35:27Z
dc.date.issued2024-02
dc.identifier.citationSinghal M, Riches-Suman K, Pors K et al (2024) Encapsulation and delivery of mitoxantrone using zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their cytotoxic potential in breast cancer cells. Applied Sciences. 14(5): 1902.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10454/20232
dc.descriptionYesen_US
dc.description.abstractMitoxantrone (MTX) is a drug employed in breast cancer treatment, but its application is largely limited due to side effects. A controlled delivery approach can potentially reduce the side effects. In this study, two zirconium (Zr)-based MOFs, UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2, were studied for a more controlled delivery of MTX with a 40% and 21% loading capacity, respectively. Characterisation via powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering confirmed the integrity of structure post-MTX loading. UV–vis spectrophotometry revealed distinctive release profiles, with UiO-66-MTX exhibiting a 25% cumulative release after 96 h in water and 120 h in PBS +10% FBS. UiO-66-NH2-MTX displayed a more sustained release, reaching 62% in water and 47% in PBS +10% FBS after 168 h. The interaction between MTX and the MOFs was also proposed based on computational modelling, suggesting a stronger interaction of UiO-66NH2 and MTX, and an optimised interaction of MTX in the tetrahedral and octahedral pores of the MOFs. The study also reports the release profile of the drug and antiproliferative activity against a panel of breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MCF7) and a normal breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A). MTX-encapsulated MOFs were thoroughly characterised, and their biological activity was assessed in vitro. MTT cell viability assay indicated a higher IC50 value for MTX-loaded MOFs compared to free MTX in physiological conditions, albeit with a slower release profile. These findings suggest the potential of these MTX-loaded MOFs as an alternative avenue for formulation to mitigate side effects.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipA.R. would like to thank The Royal Society (RGS\R1\221399) and the MRC Confidence in Concept grant (RM0039); MAA is grateful for HPC resources via membership of the UK’s HEC Materials Chemistry Consortium, which is funded by EPSRC (EP/X035859), this work used the UK Materials and Molecular Modelling Hub, which is partially funded by EPSRC (EP/T022213).en_US
dc.languageen
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.rights© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).en_US
dc.subjectMetal-organic frameworksen_US
dc.subjectBreast canceren_US
dc.subjectUiO-66en_US
dc.subjectUiO-66-NH2en_US
dc.subjectMitoxantroneen_US
dc.titleEncapsulation and delivery of mitoxantrone using zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and their cytotoxic potential in breast cancer cellsen_US
dc.status.refereedYesen_US
dc.date.application2024-02-26
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.type.versionPublished versionen_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/app14051902en_US
dc.rights.licenseCC-BYen_US
dc.date.updated2025-01-30T15:30:59Z
refterms.dateFOA2025-01-31T12:36:03Z
dc.openaccess.statusopenAccessen_US
dc.date.accepted2024-02-22


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