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dc.contributor.advisorElfving, Sanna
dc.contributor.advisorEmeseh, Engobo
dc.contributor.authorSarwar, Fiez I.
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-03T14:56:36Z
dc.date.available2023-01-03T14:56:36Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10454/19267
dc.description.abstractThe thesis purports to assess the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) in maintaining international peace and security and the International Criminal Court (ICC) in prosecuting individuals who have committed severe violations of international humanitarian law (IHL) and international law, during humanitarian and counter-terrorism operations. The thesis endeavours to highlight the failures of both institutions, firstly, the UNSC being unable to fulfil its institutional mandate, which is mainly attributed to the abuse of veto privileges granted to the five permanent members (P5). This has effectively allowed individuals from the militaries of the P5 and their allies elude criminal liability, promoting a culture of impunity. The UNSC’s failure to prevent P5 members use of unauthorised military force in pursuing counter-terrorism operations and interpose expeditiously in humanitarian crises, have also contributed to the erosion of the institutions’ legitimacy, which is further perpetuated by the USA’s continued ‘War on Terror’ doctrine after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Secondly, the ICC’s inability to prosecute individuals for crimes under the Rome Statute will also be highlighted as the principle of complementarity and the court’s inability to enforce arrest warrants are significant factors contributing to the institutions inability to administer international criminal justice. The thesis draws upon practical examples to substantiate the failures of both institutions by referring to the conflicts in: Afghanistan, Iraq, Palestine, Syria and Libya. Before concluding the UNSC and the ICC have become futile, the thesis will then make recommendations for reform and propose a novel solution to restore legitimacy back to both institutions.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.rights<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>.eng
dc.subjectAfghanistanen_US
dc.subjectIraqen_US
dc.subjectPalestineen_US
dc.subjectSyriaen_US
dc.subjectLibyaen_US
dc.subjectInternational Humanitarian Lawen_US
dc.subjectCounter-Terrorism Operationsen_US
dc.subjectInternational Criminal Courten_US
dc.subjectUnited Nationsen_US
dc.subject9/11en_US
dc.subjectUnited Nations Security Council (UNSC)en_US
dc.subjectInternational peaceen_US
dc.subjectInternational securityen_US
dc.titleHow Can International Institutions Be Improved to Ensure Accountability and Justice for Violations That Occur in Humanitarian and Counter-Terrorism Operations?en_US
dc.type.qualificationleveldoctoralen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Bradfordeng
dc.publisher.departmentFaculty of Management, Law and Social Sciencesen_US
dc.typeThesiseng
dc.type.qualificationnamePhDen_US
dc.date.awarded2021
refterms.dateFOA2023-01-03T14:56:36Z


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