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    Gender inequality in education: An Investigation into the effects of School Management Practices on Health Behaviours of Female Students. (A Study of Selected Senior Secondary Schools in Lagos State)

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    PhD Thesis (3.026Mb)
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    Publication date
    2020
    Author
    Eyanuku, Julius P.
    Supervisor
    Archibong, Uduak E.
    Walton, Sean
    Keyword
    Education
    Diversity
    Health behaviour
    Gender
    Gender inequality
    School
    School management practices
    Secondary school
    Students
    Nigeria
    Behaviour
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    Rights
    Creative Commons License
    The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a Creative Commons Licence.
    Institution
    University of Bradford
    Department
    School of Health Studies. Diversity and Inclusion Management
    Awarded
    2020
    
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    Abstract
    This research explores gender inequality in education, with a focus to examine the implications of gender disparities in schools on girls’ health and education. The study sought to investigate whether school management practices is a possible factor impacting the health behaviours of female students in senior secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria. The study employed mixed methods design and gathered primary data in two consecutive phases, in line with sequential explanatory design. Data in Phase one was gathered through the use of questionnaire while phase 2 gathered primary data using semi-structured interviews to complement survey data. The sample frame included 2 public secondary schools, 42 students, 9 teachers, 1 vice principal and 2 principals. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while qualitative data were analyzed with help of ATLAS.ti. The findings of the study revealed school related barriers that influence high absenteeism and dropout among girls. Further findings also show the schools lack appropriate school management policies that promote healthful behaviours and encourage positive learning environment for girls. The researcher recommends leadership and school management training for school principals and their deputies, improving quality of health instruction in the curriculum, developing strict policy against school-related gender-based violence and adopting health-promoting policies.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/19215
    Type
    Thesis
    Qualification name
    PhD
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      Elementary School Attendance in Bradford 1863-1903: A Study Using School Log Books.

      Jennings, Benjamin R.; Sheeran, George; Jackson, John Charles (University of BradfordFaculty of Life Sciences, 2015)
      This thesis examines the issue of elementary school attendance in later nineteenth century Bradford. It seeks to do this by means of a little used source: the school log book. The focus of the study is on the experiences of head teachers who faced a constant struggle to achieve and maintain an acceptable level of attendance in Bradford where child employment in the flourishing textile industry had long been an inherent feature of working class life. It investigates broader issues affecting attendance in the context of prevailing social, cultural, religious, and economic factors. While the significant and influential pressures on attendance in Bradford were to be found elsewhere (for example, parental apathy; hostility to compulsory attendance; child labour; health and welfare), this investigation discovers that the town’s problems were compounded and made difficult by its phenomenal growth and rapid emergence by the middle of the nineteenth century as the undisputed capital of the world’s worsted manufacturing trade. It concludes that in the study of Victorian elementary school attendance Bradford deserves greater recognition in consideration of the tension between the demands of the most prolific half-time system of employment in the country, and prevailing attitudes to the introduction of universal elementary education in England and Wales.
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      Teachers' Perspectives on the Acceptability and Feasibility of Wearable Technology to Inform School-Based Physical Activity Practices

      Wort, G.K.; Wiltshire, G.; Peacock, O.; Sebire, S.; Daly-Smith, Andrew; Thompson, D. (2021-11-18)
      Background: Many children are not engaging in sufficient physical activity and there are substantial between-children physical activity inequalities. In addition to their primary role as educators, teachers are often regarded as being well-placed to make vital contributions to inclusive visions of physical activity promotion. With the dramatic increase in popularity of wearable technologies for physical activity promotion in recent years, there is a need to better understand teachers' perspectives about using such devices, and the data they produce, to support physical activity promotion in schools. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 UK-based primary school teachers, exploring their responses to children's physical activity data and their views about using wearable technologies during the school day. Interview discussions were facilitated by an elicitation technique whereby participants were presented with graphs illustrating children's in-school physical activity obtained from secondary wearable technology data. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed. Results: Most teachers spoke positively about the use of wearable technologies specifically designed for school use, highlighting potential benefits and considerations. Many teachers were able to understand and critically interpret data showing unequal physical activity patterns both within-and between-schools. Being presented with the data prompted teachers to provide explanations about observable patterns, emotional reactions-particularly about inequalities-and express motivations to change the current situations in schools. Conclusion: These findings suggest that primary school teachers in the UK are open to integrating wearable technology for measuring children's physical activity into their practices and can interpret the data produced by such devices. Visual representations of physical activity elicited strong responses and thus could be used when working with teachers as an effective trigger to inform school practices and policies seeking to address in-school physical inactivity and inequalities.
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      Academies, managerialism and school teachers’ working lives: a labour process perspective

      Morrell, Sophie E. (2018)
      The English school sector has been transformed over recent decades through wide-ranging education policies. One far-reaching change has been the dramatic rise in academy schools driven by the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition (2010-2015) (Stevenson 2016), with 64.7% of secondary state-funded schools now holding academy status (Department for Education 2018). A central issue emerging from this context is the changes to school teachers’ pay and working conditions, given that autonomy over employment terms and conditions transfer from local authorities to operating education trusts under the academy model (see Academies Act 2010). Stevenson (2011) importantly argued that rather than establishing new directions in education policy, recent changes – such as the academy expansion enterprise – solidify the long-standing trajectory of restructuring to public education, underpinned by neoliberal ideologies. Such projects seek to fragment a public service accountable to local authorities, superseding it with a state-subsidised system buttressed by predominantly private investors (Stevenson 2011); pressing schools into competition for students and resources (Connell 2009). Dovetailed in this setting, a significant study by Carter and Stevenson (2012:491), exploring workforce remodelling in teaching, found strong evidence for “an accelerated form of creeping managerialism,” with middle-grade teachers carrying increasing responsibility for the monitoring of colleagues. The combined effects of markets and managerialism, that bolster the grander-scale neoliberal project, have worked in unison to fundamentally recast teachers’ experiences of work (Stevenson and Wood 2013). Currently in its analytical phase, this PhD study, informed by a labour process theoretical (LPT) perspective, set out to explore (1) the various formal and informal structures and processes (control strategies) that impact on school teachers’ work, (2) how teachers experience those control strategies, (3) teachers’ orientations to work and (4) how teachers’ orientations to work interrelate with their experiences of control strategies. Several scholars employ an LPT perspective to facilitate critical studies of teachers’ work (for examples see Carter and Stevenson 2012; Stevenson and Wood 2013). Yet there remains a paucity of research that takes an LPT approach to the in-depth interpretive analysis of teachers’ work. Inspired by a call from Reid (2003) for research that combines LPT with detailed single-site ethnographic accounts, a qualitative ethnography of one academy school in Northern England was conducted over a four-month period. This comprised interviews with 26 teachers, senior managers, HR and trade union representatives; a six-week shadowing period; non-participant observations and document collection. This article focuses on two key issues relating to the impact of academies and widespread managerialism on teachers’ work experiences: working time and teaching preparation. In particular, it highlights the erosion of autonomy previously given to teachers to manage their own time, lessons and resources; with accounts of increased frustration at the rising mechanisation of teaching. The central contribution of this paper, therefore, is the application of LPT to the context of contemporary teachers’ work in England, to gain an in-depth understanding of the impact of academies and widespread managerialism on school teachers’ working lives.
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