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    The dark satanic mills: Evaluating patterns of health in England during the Industrial Revolution

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    Publication date
    2022-12
    End of Embargo
    2023-11-03
    Author
    Buckberry, Jo
    Crane-Kramer, G.
    Keyword
    Industrialisation
    Fractures
    Infection
    Metabolic
    Osteoarthritis
    Dental disease
    Rights
    © 2022 Elsevier. Reproduced in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
    Peer-Reviewed
    Yes
    Open Access status
    embargoedAccess
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Objective: this research seeks to investigate the impact the Industrial Revolution had on the population of England. Materials: Pre-existing skeletal data from 1154 pre-Industrial (1066–1700AD) and 4157 industrial (1700–1905) skeletons from 21 cemeteries (N = 5411). Methods: Context number, sex, age-at-death, stature and presence/absence of selected pathological conditions were collated. The data were compared using chi square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-tests and logistic regression (α = 0.01). Results: There was a statistically significant increase in cribra orbitalia, periosteal reactions, rib lesions, fractures, rickets, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, enamel hypoplasia, dental caries and periapical lesions in the industrial period. Osteomyelitis decreased from the pre-industrial to industrial period. Conclusion: Our results confirm the Industrial Revolution had a significant negative impact on human health, however the prevalence of TB, treponemal disease, maxillary sinusitis, osteomalacia, scurvy, gout and DISH did not change, suggesting these diseases were not impacted by the change in environmental conditions. Significance: This is the largest study of health in the Industrial Revolution that includes non-adults and adults and considers age-at-death alongside disease status to date. This data supports the hypothesis that the Rise of Industry was associated with a significant decline in general health, but not an increase in all pathologies. Limitations: This meta-analysis relies upon previously gathered data and diagnosis from a large number of researchers. Incomplete skeletons were often excluded from analyses. Few rural cemeteries were available for inclusion. Suggestions for further research: Data from unpublished and ongoing excavations should be investigated. Comparison with historical data is encouraged.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/19186
    Version
    Accepted manuscript
    Citation
    Buckberry J and Crane-Kramer G (2022) The dark satanic mills: Evaluating patterns of health in England during the Industrial Revolution. International Journal of Paleopathology. 39: 93-108.
    Link to publisher’s version
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.10.002
    Type
    Article
    Notes
    The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 3rd Nov 2023.
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