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dc.contributor.authorSelalame, Thabang W.
dc.contributor.authorPatel, Rajnikant
dc.contributor.authorMujtaba, Iqbal M.
dc.contributor.authorJohn, Yakubu M.
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-18T12:25:59Z
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-22T15:20:51Z
dc.date.available2022-03-18T12:25:59Z
dc.date.available2022-03-22T15:20:51Z
dc.date.issued2022-01
dc.identifier.citationSelalame TW, Patel R, Mujtaba IM, John YM (2022) A Review of Modelling of the FCC Unit–Part I: The Riser. Energies. 15(1): 308en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10454/18797
dc.descriptionyesen_US
dc.description.abstractHeavy petroleum industries, including the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, are useful for producing fuels but they are among some of the biggest contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The recent global push for mitigation efforts against climate change has resulted in increased legislation that affects the operations and future of these industries. In terms of the FCC unit, on the riser side, more legislation is pushing towards them switching from petroleum-driven energy sources to more renewable sources such as solar and wind, which threatens the profitability of the unit. On the regenerator side, there is more legislation aimed at reducing emissions of GHGs from such units. As a result, it is more important than ever to develop models that are accurate and reliable, that will help optimise the unit for maximisation of profits under new regulations and changing trends, and that predict emissions of various GHGs to keep up with new reporting guide-lines. This article, split over two parts, reviews traditional modelling methodologies used in modelling and simulation of the FCC unit. In Part I, hydrodynamics and kinetics of the riser are dis-cussed in terms of experimental data and modelling approaches. A brief review of the FCC feed is undertaken in terms of characterisations and cracking reaction chemistry, and how these factors have affected modelling approaches. A brief overview of how vaporisation and catalyst deactiva-tion are addressed in the FCC modelling literature is also undertaken. Modelling of constitutive parts that are important to the FCC riser unit such as gas-solid cyclones, disengaging and stripping vessels, is also considered. This review then identifies areas where current models for the riser can be improved for the future. In Part II, a similar review is presented for the FCC regenerator system.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.rights© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en_US
dc.subjectFluid catalytic crackingen_US
dc.subjectRiseren_US
dc.subjectComplex mixturesen_US
dc.subjectHydrodynamicsen_US
dc.subjectModellingen_US
dc.titleA Review of Modelling of the FCC Unit. Part I: The Riseren_US
dc.status.refereedyesen_US
dc.date.Accepted2021-12-28
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.type.versionPublished versionen_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/en15010308
dc.rights.licenseCC-BYen_US
dc.date.updated2022-03-18T12:26:01Z
refterms.dateFOA2022-03-22T15:21:32Z
dc.openaccess.statusopenAccessen_US


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