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    Beyond the vessel: Organic residue analysis of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age south-east European pottery

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    PhD Thesis (7.654Mb)
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    Publication date
    2019
    Author
    Bastos, Beatriz I.F. de
    Supervisor
    Armit, Ian
    Stern, Ben
    Heron, Carl P.
    Büster, Lindsey S.
    Keyword
    Organic residue analysis
    GC-MS
    GC-C-IRMS
    Iron Age
    Bronze Age
    South-East Europe
    Lipids
    Pottery
    Kaptol
    Poštela
    Rights
    Creative Commons License
    The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a Creative Commons Licence.
    Institution
    University of Bradford
    Department
    Faculty of Life Sciences: School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences
    Awarded
    2019
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    The Encounters and Transformations in Iron Age Europe project (ENTRANS) aims to expand our knowledge regarding the nature and impact of cultural encounters during the European Iron Age. The study of ceramic vessels was included in the project, in order to further understand cultural practices in the south-east Alpine region. Organic residue analysis is an important tool in archaeological research for determining the presence of food and other organic substances associated with ceramic vessels. It has the potential to significantly improve our understanding of Iron Age societies and the interactions between them. This research focuses on the analysis of visible and absorbed organic residues from 377 ceramic vessels, from Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age sites in Slovenia and Croatia, by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry. Two methods of lipid extraction were compared in a pilot study compressing 30 potsherds from Kaptol (solvent vs. acid extraction). This study revealed that more information was obtained by acid extraction, thus it was selected as the main method of extraction for this project. Differences between settlement, funerary and ritual sites were observed, suggesting that the vessels placed in the graves were not previously used or carried foodstuff with low lipid content, such as liquids and dry foods/cereals. Some types of residues were only identified in funerary vessels, specifically potential castor oil in Kaptol, mixed with other fats and oils. Lipid biomarkers and lipid ratios revealed significant differences between contexts and different sites, suggesting that the differences in cultural practices can also be identified in the use of ceramic vessels. Some residues were also sampled for gas-chromatography compound-specific isotope ratio mass spectrometry and bulk isotope analysis (only visible residues), which identified potential dairy fats in two potsherds from Poštela. The results were also compared with the contextual information, mainly the faunal remains, and the data obtained from the osteology and diet study preformed with individuals from the same area and chronology as the ceramic vessels.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18717
    Type
    Thesis
    Qualification name
    PhD
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    Theses

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