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    Luminal Bioavailability of Orally Administered ω-3 PUFAs in the Distal Small Intestine, and Associated Changes to the Ileal Microbiome, in Humans with a Temporary Ileostomy

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    Publication date
    2021-05
    Author
    Nana, G.
    Mitra, S.
    Watson, H.
    Young, C.
    Wood, H.M.
    Perry, S.L.
    Race, Amanda D.
    Quirke, P.
    Toogood, G.J.
    Loadman, Paul M.
    Hull, M.A.
    Show allShow less
    Keyword
    Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
    Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
    Ileostomy
    Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
    Small intestine
    Ileal microbiome
    Rights
    © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    Peer-Reviewed
    yes
    Open Access status
    Gold
    
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    Abstract
    Background: Oral administration of purified omega-3 (ω-3) PUFAs is associated with changes to the fecal microbiome. However, it is not known whether this effect is associated with increased PUFA concentrations in the gut. Objectives: We investigated the luminal bioavailability of oral ω-3 PUFAs (daily dose 1 g EPA and 1g DHA free fatty acid equivalents as triglycerides in soft-gel capsules, twice daily) and changes to the gut microbiome, in the ileum. Methods: Ileostomy fluid (IF) and blood were obtained at baseline, after first capsule dosing (median 2 h), and at a similar time after final dosing on day 28, in 11 individuals (median age 63 y) with a temporary ileostomy. Fatty acids were measured by LC–tandem MS. The ileal microbiome was characterized by 16S rRNA PCR and Illumina sequencing. Results: There was a mean 6.0 ± 9.8-fold and 6.6 ± 9.6-fold increase in ileal EPA and DHA concentrations (primary outcome), respectively, at 28 d, which was associated with increased RBC ω-3 PUFA content (P ≤ 0.05). The first oral dose did not increase the ileal ω-3 PUFA concentration except in 4 individuals, who displayed high luminal EPA and DHA concentrations, which reduced to concentrations similar to the overall study population at day 28, suggesting physiological adaptation. Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Streptococcus were abundant bacterial genera in the ileum. Ileal microbiome variability over time and between individuals was large, with no consistent change associated with acute ω-3 PUFA dosing. However, high concentrations of EPA and DHA in IF on day 28 were associated with higher abundance of Bacteroides (r2 > 0.86, P < 0.05) and reduced abundance of other genera, including Actinomyces (r2 > 0.94, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Oral administration of ω-3 PUFAs leads to increased luminal ω-3 PUFA concentrations and changes to the microbiome, in the ileum of individuals with a temporary ileostomy.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18557
    Version
    Published version
    Citation
    Nana G, Mitra S, Watson H, Young C, Wood HM, Perry, SL, Race AD, Quirke P, Toogood GJ, Loadman PM and Hull MA (2021) Luminal bioavailability in the distal small intestine and changes to the ileal microbiome after oral administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Journal of Nutrition. 151(8): 2142–2152.
    Link to publisher’s version
    https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab113
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Life Sciences Publications

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