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    The Daily Mile™ initiative: Exploring physical activity and the acute effects on executive function and academic performance in primary school children

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    Publication date
    2019-11
    End of Embargo
    2021-03-06
    Author
    Morris, J.L.
    Daly-Smith, Andrew
    Archbold, V.S.J.
    Wilkins, E.L.
    McKenna, J.
    Keyword
    Daily Mile
    Physical activity
    Executive function
    Academic performance
    Primary school children
    Rights
    (c) 2019 Elsevier. Reproduced in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
    Peer-Reviewed
    Yes
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    For schools to consider physical activity (PA) interventions, improvements must be shown in PA and additional educational benefits such as executive function (EF) and academic performance (AP). Over 8800 schools worldwide have implemented The Daily Mile™ (TDM), without any formal assessments of its impact. Rigorous and high-quality studies are needed to explore TDM's contribution to moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) guidelines and potential impact on EFs and AP. Methods: Children (14 classes, n = 303, age mean = 8.99 ± 0.5) from 11 primary schools already implementing TDM consented. At the individual level, children were randomly assigned using a 4-block process to either TDM or continued academic lessons (TDM n = 158, control n = 145). Children completed pre and post, EF tests (Trail Making Task; Digit Recall; Flanker; Animal Stroop) and a maths fluency test (Maths Addition and Subtraction, Speed and Accuracy Test). Accelerometers assessed MVPA using 15-s-epochs and Evenson cut-points. Results: Using multi-level modelling, TDM revealed significantly greater MVPA (+10.23 min) and reduced sedentary time (−9.28 min) compared to control (p ≤ 0.001, d = 4.92, 3.61 retrospectively). Maths fluency interacted with condition and time (p = 0.031, d = 0.25); post hocs revealed no significances over time (p > 0.05). No differences in EFs (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study is the first assessing the acute effects of TDM compared to continued academic lessons. TDM revealed no significant improvements in maths fluency or EF. These findings question justifying the widespread adoption of TDM based on enhanced cognition claims. Nonetheless, TDM may provide 10 min of MVPA, achieving a third of the daily in school recommendations to meet overall daily recommendations.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18065
    Version
    Accepted manuscript
    Citation
    Morris JL, Daly-Smith A, Archbold VSJ et al (2019) The Daily Mile™ initiative: Exploring physical activity and the acute effects on executive function and academic performance in primary school children. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 45: 101583.
    Link to publisher’s version
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101583
    Type
    Article
    Notes
    The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 6 Mar 2021.
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    Health Studies Publications

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