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    Investigating the Existence, Cognitive Attributes and Potential Pathological Consequences of the Extreme Female Brain

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    Jones, S.L. (8.225Mb)
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    Author
    Jones, Sarah L.
    Supervisor
    Lesk, Valerie E.
    Waters, Gillian M.
    Keyword
    Extreme female brain
    Empathising
    Systemising
    Sex differences
    Autism
    Schizophrenia
    Memory
    Cognition
    Gene imprinting
    Paranoid ideation
    Rights
    Creative Commons License
    The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a Creative Commons Licence.
    Institution
    University of Bradford
    Department
    Faculty of Management, Law and Social Sciences
    Awarded
    2016
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    The ‘extreme female brain’ (EFB) is derived from the empathising - systemising theory (E-S) which hypothesises that sex differences in cognition exist on a continuum, based on abilities in ‘empathising’ and ‘systemising’ (Baron-Cohen, 2003). The EFB profile; extreme empathising alongside deficient systemising, has received little attention in social cognitive neuroscience research, compared to the extreme male brain, which has advanced the knowledge of sex differences in the expression of autism. Currently, there is no solid evidence of a clinical pathology relating to the EFB nor a marker of cognition associated with a person’s ‘place’ on the E-S continuum. Here, an episodic memory paradigm with social and non-social conditions was given to participants along with measures of empathising and systemising. Scores on the social condition predicted where a person lies on the E-S continuum. The thesis then investigated the hypothesis that schizophrenia is expressed in the feminised profile (Badcock & Crepsi, 2006) and the presumption that empathising and systemising demonstrate a tradeoff. Elements of paranoia were associated with an empathising bias. However, a bias in systemising ability was associated with schizotypy along with a significant overlap in the expression of autistic traits and schizotypy. Therefore, schizophrenia as a whole is unlikely to be the pathology seen in the EFB, rather, the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. A trade-off between empathising and systemising was seen but only in participants over 36 years. These results have significant implications for assessment and treatment of neuropsychological disorders and provide more specific details on the potential EFB pathology. ii
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17482
    Type
    Thesis
    Qualification name
    PhD
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    Theses

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