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dc.contributor.authorBettouche, Y.
dc.contributor.authorKouki, A.
dc.contributor.authorAgba, B.
dc.contributor.authorObeidat, Huthaifa A.N.
dc.contributor.authorAlhassan, H.
dc.contributor.authorRodriguez, Jonathan
dc.contributor.authorAbd-Alhameed, Raed
dc.contributor.authorJones, Steven M.R.
dc.date.accessioned2019-06-28T11:38:12Z
dc.date.available2019-06-28T11:38:12Z
dc.date.issued2019-07
dc.identifier.citationBettouche Y, Kouki A, Agba B et al (2019) Long term evolution of the surface refractivity for arctic regions. Radio Science. 54(7): 602-611.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10454/17153
dc.descriptionYesen_US
dc.description.abstractIn this paper, local meteorological data for a period of 35 years (from 1979 to 2013) from Kuujuaq station have been used to calculate the surface refractivity, N and to estimate the vertical refractivity gradient, dN1, in the lowest atmospheric layer above the ground. Monthly and yearly variations of the mean of N and dN1 are provided. The values obtained are compared with the corresponding values from the ITU maps. The long-term trend of the surface refractivity is also investigated. The data demonstrate that the indices N and dN1 are subject to an evolution which may have significance in the context of climate change (CC). Monthly means of N show an increasing departure from ITU-R values since 1990. Yearly mean values of the dN1 show a progressive decrease over the period of study. Seasonal means of dN1 show a decrease over time, especially for summer. Such a trend may increase the occurrence of super-refraction. However, currently available ITU-R recommendations for microwave link design assume a stationary climate, so there is a need for a new modelling approach.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.rights©2019 American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Reproduced in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy.
dc.subjectSurface refractivityen_US
dc.subjectWater vapour pressureen_US
dc.subjectVertical refractivity gradienten_US
dc.titleLong term evolution of the surface refractivity for arctic regionsen_US
dc.status.refereedYesen_US
dc.date.Accepted2019-06-22
dc.date.application2019-07-02
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.type.versionPublished versionen_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1029/2018RS006671
refterms.dateFOA2019-06-28T11:38:34Z


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