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    Cellular sheddases are induced by Merkel cell polyomavirus small tumour antigen to mediate cell dissociation and invasiveness

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    Author
    Nwogu, N.
    Boyne, James R.
    Dobson, S.J.
    Poterlowicz, Krzysztof
    Blair, G.E.
    Macdonald, A.
    Mankouri, J.
    Whitehouse, A.
    Keyword
    Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC)
    Skin cancer
    Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)
    Cellular sheddases
    Cancer therapeutics
    Invasiveness
    Cell dissociation
    Rights
    © 2018 Nwogu et al. Published by PLOS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    Peer-Reviewed
    yes
    
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    Abstract
    Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer with a high propensity for recurrence and metastasis. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is recognised as the causative factor in the majority of MCC cases. The MCPyV small tumour antigen (ST) is considered to be the main viral transforming factor, however potential mechanisms linking ST expression to the highly metastatic nature of MCC are yet to be fully elucidated. Metastasis is a complex process, with several discrete steps required for the formation of secondary tumour sites. One essential trait that underpins the ability of cancer cells to metastasise is how they interact with adjoining tumour cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix. Here we demonstrate that MCPyV ST expression disrupts the integrity of cell-cell junctions, thereby enhancing cell dissociation and implicate the cellular sheddases, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 10 and 17 proteins in this process. Inhibition of ADAM 10 and 17 activity reduced MCPyV ST-induced cell dissociation and motility, attributing their function as critical to the MCPyV-induced metastatic processes. Consistent with these data, we confirm that ADAM 10 and 17 are upregulated in MCPyV-positive primary MCC tumours. These novel findings implicate cellular sheddases as key host cell factors contributing to virus-mediated cellular transformation and metastasis. Notably, ADAM protein expression may be a novel biomarker of MCC prognosis and given the current interest in cellular sheddase inhibitors for cancer therapeutics, it highlights ADAM 10 and 17 activity as a novel opportunity for targeted interventions for disseminated MCC.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16579
    Version
    published version paper
    Citation
    Nwogu N, Boyne JR, Dobson SJ, Poterlowicz K, Blair GE, Macdonald A, Mankouri J and Whitehouse A (2018) Cellular sheddases are induced by Merkel cell polyomavirus small tumour antigen to mediate cell dissociation and invasiveness. PLoS Pathogens. 14(9): e1007276.
    Link to publisher’s version
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007276
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Life Sciences Publications

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