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    Buried identities: An osteological and archaeological analysis of burial variation and identity in Anglo-Saxon Norfolk

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    PhD Thesis (8.791Mb)
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    Publication date
    2017
    Author
    Williams-Ward, Michelle L.
    Supervisor
    Buckberry, Jo
    Bond, Julie M.
    Keyword
    Anglo-Saxon
    Osteology
    Burial
    Identity
    Sex
    Age
    Inhumation
    Cremation
    Funerary
    Archaeology
    Norfolk
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    Rights
    Creative Commons License
    The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a Creative Commons Licence.
    Institution
    University of Bradford
    Department
    Faculty of Life Sciences
    Awarded
    2017
    
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    Abstract
    The thesis explores burial practices across all three phases (early, middle and late) of the Anglo-Saxon period (c.450–1066 AD) in Norfolk and the relationship with the identity of the deceased. It is argued that despite the plethora of research that there are few studies that address all three phases and despite acknowledgement that regional variation existed, fewer do so within the context of a single locality. By looking across the whole Anglo-Saxon period, in one locality, this research identified that subtler changes in burial practices were visible. Previous research has tended to separate the cremation and inhumation rites. This research has shown that in Norfolk the use of the two rites may have been related and used to convey aspects of identity and / or social position, from a similar or opposing perspective, possibly relating to a pre-Christian belief system. This thesis stresses the importance of establishing biological identity through osteological analysis and in comparing biological identity with the funerary evidence. Burial practices were related to the biological identity of the deceased across the three periods and within the different site types, but the less common burial practices had the greatest associations with the biological identity of the deceased, presumably to convey social role or status. Whilst the inclusion of grave-goods created the early Anglo-Saxon burial tableau, a later burial tableau was created using the grave and / or the position of the body and an increasing connection between the biological and the social identity of the deceased, noted throughout the Anglo-Saxon period in Norfolk, corresponds with the timeline of the religious transition.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16101
    Type
    Thesis
    Qualification name
    PhD
    Notes
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