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    Link Budget Maximization for a Mobile-Band Subsurface Wireless Sensor in Challenging Water Utility Environments

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    Publication date
    2018-01
    Author
    See, Chan H.
    Abd-Alhameed, Raed A.
    Atojoko, Achimugu A.
    McEwan, Neil J.
    Excell, Peter S.
    Keyword
    GSM; Mobile band antenna; Received signal strength; Subsurface propagation; Underground utilities; Sewerage system; Water utility; Wireless sensor network; Link budget;
    Rights
    © 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
    Peer-Reviewed
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    Abstract
    A subsurface chamber transceiver system and associated propagation channel link budget considerations for an underground wireless sensor system (UWSS) are presented: the application was a sewerage system for a water utility company. The UWSS operates over the GSM850/900, GSM1800/1900 and UMTS bands in order to operate with the standard public mobile phone system. A novel antenna was developed to minimize path loss from the underground location: a folded loop type, which is small enough to fit conveniently inside a utility manhole access chamber while giving adequate signal strength to link to mobile base stations from such a challenging environment. The electromagnetic performance was simulated and measured in both free space and in a real manhole chamber. An experimental test bed was created to determine the return loss and received signal strength with different transceiver positions below the manhole chamber access cover. Both numerical and experimental results suggested an optimum position of the unit inside the manhole, combining easy access for maintenance with viable received signal strength. This confirmed that the characteristics were adequate for incorporation in a transceiver designed to communicate with mobile base stations from underground. A field trial confirmed the successful operation of the system under severe conditions.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12141
    Version
    Accepted Manuscript
    Citation
    See CH, Abd-Alhameed RA, Atojoko AA, McEwan NJ, Excell PS (2018) Link Budget Maximization for a Mobile-Band Subsurface Wireless Sensor in Challenging Water Utility Environments. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 65(1): 616 - 625.
    Link to publisher’s version
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2017.2719602
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Engineering and Informatics Publications

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