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    Alleviating exercise-induced muscular stress using neat and processed bee pollen: oxidative markers, mitochondrial enzymes, and myostatin expression in rats

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    Publication date
    2015-09
    Author
    Ketkar, S.S.
    Rathore, A.S.
    Kandhare, A.
    Lohidasan, S.
    Bodhankar, S.
    Paradkar, Anant R.
    Mahadik, K.R.
    Keyword
    Bee pollen; Lipid; Oxidative stress; Skeletal muscle; Surfactant
    Rights
    (c) 2015 Elsevier. This is an Open Access article distributed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
    Peer-Reviewed
    Yes
    
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    Abstract
    The current study was designed to investigate the influence of monofloral Indian mustard bee pollen (MIMBP) and processed monofloral Indian mustard bee pollen (PMIMBP) supplementation on chronic swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress implications in the gastrocnemius muscle of Wistar rats. MIMBP was processed with an edible lipid-surfactant mixture (Captex 355:Tween 80) to increase the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoid aglycones as analyzed by UV spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array. Wistar rats in different groups were fed with MIMBP or PMIMBP supplements at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg individually, while being subjected to chronic swimming exercise for 4 weeks (5 d/wk). Various biochemical [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malonaldehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and total protein content], mitochondrial (Complex I, II, III, and IV enzyme activity), and molecular (myostatin mRNA expression) parameters were monitored in the gastrocnemius muscle of each group. Administration of both MIMBP (300 mg/kg) and PMIMBP (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) wielded an antioxidant effect by significantly improving SOD, GSH, MDA, NO, and total protein levels. Further MIMBP (300 mg/kg) and PMIMBP (200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) significantly improved impaired mitochondrial Complex I, II, III, and IV enzyme activity. Significant down-regulation of myostatin mRNA expression by MIMBP (300 mg/kg) and PMIMBP (200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) indicates a muscle protectant role in oxidative stress conditions. The study establishes the antioxidant, mitochondrial upregulatory, and myostatin inhibitory effects of both MIMBP and PMIMBP in exercise-induced oxidative stress conditions, suggesting their usefulness in effective management of exercise-induced muscular stress. Further, processing of MIMBP with an edible lipid-surfactant mixture was found to improve the therapeutic efficiency of pollen.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10469
    Version
    Published version
    Citation
    Ketkar S, Rathore A, Kandhare A et al (2015) Alleviating exercise-induced muscular stress using neat and processed bee pollen: oxidative markers, mitochondrial enzymes, and myostatin expression in rats. Integrative Medicine Research. 4(3): 147-160.
    Link to publisher’s version
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2015.02.003
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Life Sciences Publications

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