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    An integrated approach to the taxonomic identification of prehistoric shell ornaments

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    Publication date
    2014-06-17
    Author
    Demarchi, B.
    O'Connor, Sonia A.
    de Lima Ponzoni, A.
    de Almeida Rocha Ponzoni, R.
    Sheridan, A.
    Penkman, K.E.H.
    Hancock, Y.
    Wilson, J.
    Keyword
    Amino Acids; Animal shells; Animals; Aquatic organisms; Bivalvia; Fossils; Humans; Principal component analysis; Proteins; Reproducibility of results; Spectrum analysis
    Rights
    © 2014 Demarchi et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
    Peer-Reviewed
    Yes
    
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    Abstract
    Shell beads appear to have been one of the earliest examples of personal adornments. Marine shells identified far from the shore evidence long-distance transport and imply networks of exchange and negotiation. However, worked beads lose taxonomic clues to identification, and this may be compounded by taphonomic alteration. Consequently, the significance of this key early artefact may be underestimated. We report the use of bulk amino acid composition of the stable intra-crystalline proteins preserved in shell biominerals and the application of pattern recognition methods to a large dataset (777 samples) to demonstrate that taxonomic identification can be achieved at genus level. Amino acid analyses are fast (<2 hours per sample) and micro-destructive (sample size <2 mg). Their integration with non-destructive techniques provides a valuable and affordable tool, which can be used by archaeologists and museum curators to gain insight into early exploitation of natural resources by humans. Here we combine amino acid analyses, macro- and microstructural observations (by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and Raman spectroscopy to try to identify the raw material used for beads discovered at the Early Bronze Age site of Great Cornard (UK). Our results show that at least two shell taxa were used and we hypothesise that these were sourced locally.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10439
    Version
    Published version
    Citation
    Demarchi B, O'Connor SA, de Lima Ponzoni A et al (2014) An integrated approach to the taxonomic identification of prehistoric shell ornaments. PLoS One. 9(6): e99839.
    Link to publisher’s version
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099839
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    Life Sciences Publications

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