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Geomorphological characteristics of Gandak river between Sahibganj and confluence with Ganga river during 1989-2022
Kumar, S. Hanmaiahgari, P.R. Chowdary, V.M.
Kumar, S.
Hanmaiahgari, P.R.
Chowdary, V.M.
Publication Date
2024-08
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Abstract
The Gandak River originates in Nepal and merges with the Ganga River in India. The Gandak River is experiencing
significant geomorphological alterations due to climate change and anthropogenic causes. In this study, an attempt has
done to examine river bank erosion & accretion, shifting of the river bank, sinuosity, and braiding index of the Gandak
River between Sahibganj and the confluence with the Ganga River, covering a length of 92.4 km from 1989 to 2022 (33
years) using remote sensing and geospatial technologies. The delineation of the river bank line for different periods, along
with the quantification of erosion and accretion of the river’s right and left banks, were analysed using GIS, including
the sinuosity and braiding patterns. The overall sinuosity value ranged from 1.16 to 1.01 and did not follow any specific
pattern in significant reaches. The sinuosity value was almost constant over the most d/s reach of 30.74 km. The braiding
index of the River was found to be the maximum between Ismailpur and Baijalpur and the minimum value between
Munja and Chakia in 2015 and 1995 respectively. This study revealed that the river is shifting to the right, and bank
protection measures were needed. Finally, the proposed investigation revealed the braiding phenomenon, river shifting
in the transverse direction, and shifting of the meander bend was primarily responsible for the erosion and accretion of
the river banks. This study will benefit local government agencies, concerned authorities, and people residing along the
banks of the Gandak River by providing insights into the river’s migration patterns. Further, this knowledge aids in better
planning of riverbank protection measures and developing a navigation system.
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Citation
Kumar S, Hanmaiahgari PR, Chowdary VM et al (2024) Geomorphological characteristics of Gandak river between Sahibganj and confluence with Ganga river during 1989–2022. Environmental Earth Sciences. 83: 501.
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