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Choquet integrals, entropy, the Gini index and applications
Lei, Ci
Lei, Ci
Publication Date
2026-03
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© The Author(s) 2026. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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openAccess
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2026-02-15
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Lei_et_al_2026
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Abstract
Choquet integrals are used for the analysis of annual reports of companies, with a focus on their use of positive words. It is shown that the Choquet integral is able to distinguish one report from another by taking into account of the potential latent relationships of different sections of the annual reports. The robustness of the results in the presence of random noise in the data is discussed. The uniformity of use of positive tone in annual reports is also analysed using entropy and the Gini index. The inverse problem of calculating the capacities from known values of the Choquet integral linked to a certain set of data is also studied (and called ‘training’ of the Choquet integral). These capacities can then be used for the calculation of the Choquet integral for different sets of ‘similar data’. This is exemplified with data related to solar flares.
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Citation
Lei C, Li J, Vourdas A et al (2026) Choquet integrals, entropy, the Gini index and applications. The European Physical Journal Plus. 141: 228.
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Article