The future of rainwater recycling: assessing health risks and environmental impact
Chukwuemeka, J. Mohamed, R.M.S.B.R. Hamdan, R.B. Hanmaiahgari, P.R. Moruzzi, R.
Chukwuemeka, J.
Mohamed, R.M.S.B.R.
Hamdan, R.B.
Hanmaiahgari, P.R.
Moruzzi, R.
Publication Date
2025-03
End of Embargo
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Rights
© 2025 Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license.
Peer-Reviewed
Yes
Open Access status
openAccess
Accepted for publication
2024-07-19
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Department
Awarded
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Additional title
Abstract
This article examines the future of rainwater recycling through a study of numerous scholarly articles, research papers, and studies on rainwater collection, its advantages, potential health hazards, and environmental consequences. Rainwater collecting systems have gained popularity as feasible alternatives to traditional water resources because of their ability to alleviate water scarcity. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journal articles from 2004 to 2024 was conducted using Medline, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar, with specific search terms and Boolean operators. The assessment explores the importance of effective disinfection and filtration technologies for reducing microbiological pollutants. It also addresses the effects of toxic contaminants, such as heavy metals, highlighting the necessity of efficient management techniques. The review provides insights into optimising rainwater collection practices for better sustainability and resilience against the impacts of climate change by evaluating regional variances and global regulatory frameworks. This paper advocates for integrated approaches that are aligned with global water security goals and sustainable development objectives by providing information to policymakers, academics, and practitioners regarding the state and future directions of rainwater recycling.
Version
Published version
Citation
Pu JH, Chukwuemeka J, Mohamed RMSBR et al (2025) The future of rainwater recycling: assessing health risks and environmental impact. Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental. 30: e20240038.
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Article