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Kinase regulation of HOX transcription factors
Primon, Monika Hunter, K.D. Pandha, H.S. Morgan, Richard
Primon, Monika
Hunter, K.D.
Pandha, H.S.
Morgan, Richard
Publication Date
2019-04
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© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution
(CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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openAccess
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07/04/2019
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Abstract
The HOX genes are a group of homeodomain-containing transcription factors that play
important regulatory roles in early development, including the establishment of cell and tissue
identity. HOX expression is generally reduced in adult cells but is frequently re-established as an
early event in tumour formation and supports an oncogenic phenotype. HOX transcription factors
are also involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair, along with normal adult physiological
process including stem cell renewal. There have been extensive studies on the mechanism by which
HOX proteins regulate transcription, with particular emphasis on their interaction with cofactors
such as Pre-B-cell Leukaemia Homeobox (PBX) and Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 (MEIS).
However, significantly less is known of how the activity of HOX proteins is regulated. There is
growing evidence that phosphorylation may play an important role in this context, and in this
review, we draw together a number of important studies published over the last 20 years, and discuss
the relevance of phosphorylation in the regulation and function of HOX proteins in development,
evolution, cell cycle regulation, and cancer.
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Citation
Primon M, Hunter KD, Pandha HS et al (2019) Kinase regulation of HOX transcription factors. Cancers. 11(4): 508.
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