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Investigation of selected Nigerian medicinal plants as a source of new antimalarial agents. Isolation of phytochemicals from some Nigerian medicinal plants using chromatographic techniques and their evaluation for antiplasmodial activity.

Okpako, Larry Commander
Publication Date
2014-05-02
End of Embargo
Supervisor
Wright, Colin W.
Keywords
Malaria, Ethnobotanical survey, Medicinal plants, Alkaloids, Plasmodium falciparum, Drug resistance, Antiplasmodial activity, Physalis angulata, Prosopis africana
Rights
Creative Commons License
The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a Creative Commons Licence.
Peer-Reviewed
Open Access status
Accepted for publication
Institution
University of Bradford
Department
Bradford School of Pharmacy
Awarded
2012
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Theses
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MPHIL THESIS 2012(Hard Bound) - FINAL.pdf
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MPHIL Thesis 2012 TITLE PAGE (FINAL).pdf
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MPHIL 2012 ABSTRACT AND TABLE OF CONTENT PAGES (FINAL).pdf
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MPHIL Thesis 2012 Antimalarial Herbal Preparation Table 3.2 and Table 3.3.pdf
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Additional title
Abstract
Malaria affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and equally claims hundreds of thousands of lives each year. With the current spread of drug resistance to standard antimalarial drugs like chloroquine and the emergence of artemisinin-resistant parasites, new antimalarial drugs and formulations are urgently needed. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in this study in search of novel compounds with promising antiplasmodial activity. Using the ethnobotanical approach, a total of 61 plant species from 59 genera distributed in 34 plant families were found to be used traditionally for the treatment of malaria in Nigeria. Biological evaluation of the plant¿s methanolic extracts was assessed using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay against the chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. A total of five (5) plant species showed more potent antiplasmodial activities against the malaria parasites. These are Acanthospermum hispidum, Cassia occidentalis, Kaempferia aethiopica Prosopis africana and Physalis angulata with MIC values ranging between 7.815µg/ml to 31.25µg/ml (3D7 strain) and 15.63µg/ml to 62.50µg/ml (K1 strain) against the malaria parasites, respectively. Two plants, Prosopis africana (Leguminosae-mimosoideae) and Physalis angulata (Solanaceae) were selected for further study. The phytochemical investigation of the active chloroform extracts of P. africana and P. angulata yielded several compounds with three known alkaloids, namely, prosopinine (I), prosopine (II) and acetamide (III). Their structures were confirmed by MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Compounds I, II and III have moderate in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the malaria parasites. Both chloroquine and artemether were used as standard control.
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6304
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Type
Thesis
Qualification name
MPhil
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