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Wireless electromagnetic radiation assessment based on the specific absorption rate (SAR): A review case study
Abdul-Al, Mohamed Amar, A.S.I. Elfergani, Issa T. Littlehales, R. Ojaroudi Parchin, Naser Al-Yasir, Yasir I.A. See, C.H. Zhou, D. Abidin, Z.Z. Alibakhshikenari, M.
Abdul-Al, Mohamed
Amar, A.S.I.
Elfergani, Issa T.
Littlehales, R.
Ojaroudi Parchin, Naser
Al-Yasir, Yasir I.A.
See, C.H.
Zhou, D.
Abidin, Z.Z.
Alibakhshikenari, M.
Publication Date
2022-02
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© 2022 by the authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the Creative Commons CC-BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
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openAccess
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2022-02-04
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Abstract
Employing electromagnetic fields EMFs) in new wireless communication and sensing technologies has substantially increased the level of human exposure to EMF waves. This paper presents a useful insight into the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological media that is defined by the heat generation due to induced currents and dielectric loss. The specific absorption
rate (SAR) defines the heating amount in a biological medium that is irradiated by an electromagnetic field value. The paper reviews the radio frequency hazards due to the SAR based on various safety standards and organisations, including a detailed investigation of previously published work in terms of modelling and measurements. It also summarises the most common techniques utilised
between 1978 and 2021, in terms of the operational frequency spectrum, bandwidth, and SAR values.
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Published version
Citation
Abdul-Al M, Amar ASI, Elfergani I et al (2022) Wireless electromagnetic radiation assessment based on the specific absorption rate (SAR): A review case study. Electronics. 11(4): 511.
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Article