Compact Dual-Band Wearable Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications: Designed for Medical and IoT Device Integration
Salisu, Abubakar Musa, U. Sabo, U.U. Abubakar, M.M. Hussaini, A.S. Akinsolu, M.O. See, C.H.
Salisu, Abubakar
Musa, U.
Sabo, U.U.
Abubakar, M.M.
Hussaini, A.S.
Akinsolu, M.O.
See, C.H.
Publication Date
2025-06-21
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© 2025 The Authors. Published by the Electromagnetic Academy (USA). This is an open access article which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
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2025-04-16
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Abstract
This paper introduces a compact dual-band wearable antenna designed for mmWave applications. The antenna is fabricated on a Rogers 3003 semi-flexible substrate with dimensions of 15 × 15 × 1.52 mm3 and features a circular radiating patch with a full ground plane. Initially designed to resonate at 28 GHz, the antenna incorporates a square split-ring resonator in the ground plane to achieve an additional resonance at 38 GHz. To improve bandwidth and gain, a round necktie configuration is applied by adding two diagonal rectangular patches to the periphery of the radiating patch. The measured impedance bandwidths are 21.4% at 28 GHz and 23.7% at 38 GHz. The antenna achieves gains of 5.91 dBi and 4.57 dBi, with efficiencies of 90% and 78% at the respective operating bands. Simulated SAR values are 0.57 W/kg and 0.31 W/kg for 1 g and 10 g of human tissue at 28 GHz, and 0.18 W/kg and 0.16 W/kg at 38 GHz. These SAR values comply with FCC and ICNIRP safety standards. Additionally, bending tests illustrate that the antenna’s performance was stable under deformation. As a result, the proposed antenna is ideal for fast connectivity 5G and biomedical applications since it efficiently spans fundamental mmWave frequency ranges.
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Citation
Salisu A, Musa U, Sabo UU, et al (2025) Compact Dual-Band Wearable Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications: Designed for Medical and IoT Device Integration. Progress In Electromagnetics Research (PIER) Letters. 126: 77-85.
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