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Link Budget Maximization for a Mobile-Band Subsurface Wireless Sensor in Challenging Water Utility Environments
See, Chan H. Atojoko, Achimugu A. McEwan, Neil J. Excell, Peter S.
See, Chan H.
Atojoko, Achimugu A.
McEwan, Neil J.
Excell, Peter S.
Publication Date
2018-01
End of Embargo
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© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Peer-Reviewed
Yes
Open Access status
openAccess
Accepted for publication
2017-06
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Department
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Abstract
A subsurface chamber transceiver system and associated propagation channel link budget considerations for an underground wireless sensor system (UWSS) are presented: the application was a sewerage system for a water utility company. The UWSS operates over the GSM850/900, GSM1800/1900 and UMTS bands in order to operate with the standard public mobile phone system. A novel antenna was developed to minimize path loss from the underground location: a folded loop type, which is small enough to fit conveniently inside a utility manhole access chamber while giving adequate signal strength to link to mobile base stations from such a challenging environment. The electromagnetic performance was simulated and measured in both free space and in a real manhole chamber. An experimental test bed was created to determine the return loss and received signal strength with different transceiver positions below the manhole chamber access cover. Both numerical and experimental results suggested an optimum position of the unit inside the manhole, combining easy access for maintenance with viable received signal strength. This confirmed that the characteristics were adequate for incorporation in a transceiver designed to communicate with mobile base stations from underground. A field trial confirmed the successful operation of the system under severe conditions.
Version
Accepted manuscript
Citation
See CH, Abd-Alhameed R, Atojoko AA et al (2018) Link Budget Maximization for a Mobile-Band Subsurface Wireless Sensor in Challenging Water Utility Environments. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 65(1): 616-625.
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Article